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mRNA or ChAd0x1 COVID-19 Vaccination of Adolescents Induces Robust Antibody and Cellular Responses With Continued Recognition of Omicron Following mRNA-1273

Authors :
Alexander C. Dowell
Annabel A. Powell
Chris Davis
Sam Scott
Nicola Logan
Brian J. Willett
Rachel Bruton
Morenike Ayodele
Elizabeth Jinks
Juliet Gunn
Eliska Spalkova
Panagiota Sylla
Samantha M. Nicol
Jianmin Zuo
Georgina Ireland
Ifeanyichukwu Okike
Frances Baawuah
Joanne Beckmann
Shazaad Ahmad
Joanna Garstang
Andrew J. Brent
Bernadette Brent
Marie White
Aedin Collins
Francesca Davis
Ming Lim
Jonathan Cohen
Julia Kenny
Ezra Linley
John Poh
Gayatri Amirthalingam
Kevin Brown
Mary E. Ramsay
Rafaq Azad
John Wright
Dagmar Waiblinger
Paul Moss
Shamez N. Ladhani
Source :
Frontiers in Immunology, Vol 13 (2022)
Publication Year :
2022
Publisher :
Frontiers Media S.A., 2022.

Abstract

Children and adolescents generally experience mild COVID-19. However, those with underlying physical health conditions are at a significantly increased risk of severe disease. Here, we present a comprehensive analysis of antibody and cellular responses in adolescents with severe neuro-disabilities who received COVID-19 vaccination with either ChAdOx1 (n=6) or an mRNA vaccine (mRNA-1273, n=8, BNT162b2, n=1). Strong immune responses were observed after vaccination and antibody levels and neutralisation titres were both higher after two doses. Both measures were also higher after mRNA vaccination and were further enhanced by prior natural infection where one vaccine dose was sufficient to generate peak antibody response. Robust T-cell responses were generated after dual vaccination and were also higher following mRNA vaccination. Early T-cells were characterised by a dominant effector-memory CD4+ T-cell population with a type-1 cytokine signature with additional production of IL-10. Antibody levels were well-maintained for at least 3 months after vaccination and 3 of 4 donors showed measurable neutralisation titres against the Omicron variant. T-cell responses also remained robust, with generation of a central/stem cell memory pool and showed strong reactivity against Omicron spike. These data demonstrate that COVID-19 vaccines display strong immunogenicity in adolescents and that dual vaccination, or single vaccination following prior infection, generate higher immune responses than seen after natural infection and develop activity against Omicron. Initial evidence suggests that mRNA vaccination elicits stronger immune responses than adenoviral delivery, although the latter is also higher than seen in adult populations. COVID-19 vaccines are therefore highly immunogenic in high-risk adolescents and dual vaccination might be able to provide relative protection against the Omicron variant that is currently globally dominant.

Details

Language :
English
ISSN :
16643224
Volume :
13
Database :
Directory of Open Access Journals
Journal :
Frontiers in Immunology
Publication Type :
Academic Journal
Accession number :
edsdoj.f46281994644979f08dc4d63be488d
Document Type :
article
Full Text :
https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.882515