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The Effect of Low-Carbohydrate Diet on Macrovascular and Microvascular Endothelial Function Is Not Affected by the Provision of Caloric Restriction in Women with Obesity: A Randomized Study

Authors :
Chueh-Lung Hwang
Christine Ranieri
Mary R. Szczurek
Assem M. Ellythy
Ahmed Elokda
Abeer M. Mahmoud
Shane A. Phillips
Source :
Nutrients, Vol 12, Iss 6, p 1649 (2020)
Publication Year :
2020
Publisher :
MDPI AG, 2020.

Abstract

Obesity impairs both macro- and microvascular endothelial function due to decreased bioavailability of nitric oxide. Current evidence on the effect of low-carbohydrate (LC) diet on endothelial function is conflicting and confounded by the provision of caloric restriction (CR). We tested the hypothesis that LC without CR diet, but not LC with CR diet, would improve macro- and microvascular endothelial function in women with obesity. Twenty-one healthy women with obesity (age: 33 ± 2 years, body mass index: 33.0 ± 0.6 kg/m2; mean ± SEM) were randomly assigned to receive either a LC diet (~10% carbohydrate calories) with CR (n = 12; 500 calorie/day deficit) or a LC diet without CR (n = 9) and completed the 6-week diet intervention. After the intervention, macrovascular endothelial function, measured as brachial artery flow-mediated dilation did not change (7.3 ± 0.9% to 8.0 ± 1.1%, p = 0.7). On the other hand, following the LC diet intervention, regardless of CR, blocking nitric oxide production decreased microvascular endothelial function, measured by arteriolar flow-induced dilation (p ≤ 0.02 for both diets) and the magnitude was more than baseline (p ≤ 0.04). These data suggest improved NO contributions following the intervention. In conclusion, a 6-week LC diet, regardless of CR, may improve microvascular, but not macrovascular endothelial function, via increasing bioavailability of nitric oxide in women with obesity.

Details

Language :
English
ISSN :
20726643
Volume :
12
Issue :
6
Database :
Directory of Open Access Journals
Journal :
Nutrients
Publication Type :
Academic Journal
Accession number :
edsdoj.f3f6341f1954fac8fc453aa87adba9d
Document Type :
article
Full Text :
https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12061649