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Meta-Evaluation of Water Quality Indices. Application into Groundwater Resources
- Source :
- Water, Vol 12, Iss 7, p 1890 (2020)
- Publication Year :
- 2020
- Publisher :
- MDPI AG, 2020.
-
Abstract
- Until now, there was no simple procedure to test the performance of water quality indices (WQIs) or, in other words, to perform their meta-evaluation. The purpose of this study is to provide a meta-evaluation approach of two widely used WQIs and suggestions for selecting one or both of them for application in groundwater quality assessment as proposed by the European Union. The meta-evaluation concept is based on testing the performance of two widely known WQIs by applying classification of Water Framework Directive (WFD; 2000/60/EC) and Groundwater Directive (GWD; 2006/118/EC) which was used as a reference. The Canadian Council of Ministers of Environment (CCME) and National Sanitation Foundation (NSF-WQI) have been selected for evaluation. These WQIs were applied in an agricultural area of the Mediterranean region where six sub-datasets for an entire hydrological year were available. This study uses all the available water quality data (52 monitoring stations × 2 sampling periods × 15 parameters) which is systematically collected at the area studied. The CCME-WQI is a rather strict index since it estimates statistically significantly lower values than the NSF-WQI. Based on the performance of the examined indices, it is shown that, mostly, the CCME-WQI classification findings are close to those of the GWD.
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 20734441
- Volume :
- 12
- Issue :
- 7
- Database :
- Directory of Open Access Journals
- Journal :
- Water
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- edsdoj.f3f429fa137f4ce2ae192f7cee4a2aba
- Document Type :
- article
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.3390/w12071890