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In Vitro Biocompatibility Assessment of Bioengineered PLA-Hydrogel Core–Shell Scaffolds with Mesenchymal Stromal Cells for Bone Regeneration

Authors :
Federica Re
Luciana Sartore
Chiara Pasini
Matteo Ferroni
Elisa Borsani
Stefano Pandini
Andrea Bianchetti
Camillo Almici
Lorena Giugno
Roberto Bresciani
Silvia Mutti
Federica Trenta
Simona Bernardi
Mirko Farina
Domenico Russo
Source :
Journal of Functional Biomaterials, Vol 15, Iss 8, p 217 (2024)
Publication Year :
2024
Publisher :
MDPI AG, 2024.

Abstract

Human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs), whether used alone or together with three-dimensional scaffolds, are the best-studied postnatal stem cells in regenerative medicine. In this study, innovative composite scaffolds consisting of a core–shell architecture were seeded with bone-marrow-derived hMSCs (BM-hMSCs) and tested for their biocompatibility and remarkable capacity to promote and support bone regeneration and mineralization. The scaffolds were prepared by grafting three different amounts of gelatin–chitosan (CH) hydrogel into a 3D-printed polylactic acid (PLA) core (PLA-CH), and the mechanical and degradation properties were analyzed. The BM-hMSCs were cultured in the scaffolds with the presence of growth medium (GM) or osteogenic medium (OM) with differentiation stimuli in combination with fetal bovine serum (FBS) or human platelet lysate (hPL). The primary objective was to determine the viability, proliferation, morphology, and spreading capacity of BM-hMSCs within the scaffolds, thereby confirming their biocompatibility. Secondly, the BM-hMSCs were shown to differentiate into osteoblasts and to facilitate scaffold mineralization. This was evinced by a positive Von Kossa result, the modulation of differentiation markers (osteocalcin and osteopontin), an expression of a marker of extracellular matrix remodeling (bone morphogenetic protein-2), and collagen I. The results of the energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDS) clearly demonstrate the presence of calcium and phosphorus in the samples that were incubated in OM, in the presence of FBS and hPL, but not in GM. The chemical distribution maps of calcium and phosphorus indicate that these elements are co-localized in the same areas of the sections, demonstrating the formation of hydroxyapatite. In conclusion, our findings show that the combination of BM-hMSCs and PLA-CH, regardless of the amount of hydrogel content, in the presence of differentiation stimuli, can provide a construct with enhanced osteogenicity for clinically relevant bone regeneration.

Details

Language :
English
ISSN :
20794983
Volume :
15
Issue :
8
Database :
Directory of Open Access Journals
Journal :
Journal of Functional Biomaterials
Publication Type :
Academic Journal
Accession number :
edsdoj.f3717ea8dd54b97a365ebb7460d4caf
Document Type :
article
Full Text :
https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb15080217