Polycomb Protein EED Regulates Neuronal Differentiation through Targeting SOX11 in Hippocampal Dentate Gyrus

Summary: EED (embryonic ectoderm development) is a core component of the Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) which catalyzes the methylation of histone H3 lysine 27 (H3K27) during the process of self-renewal, proliferation, and differentiation of embryonic stem cells. However, its function in the mammalian nervous system remains unexplored. Here, we report that loss of EED in the brain leads to postnatal lethality, impaired neuronal differentiation, and malformation of the dentate gyrus. Overexpression of Sox11, a downstream target of EED through interaction with H3K27me1, restores the neuronal differentiation capacity of EED-ablated neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs). Interestingly, downregulation of Cdkn2a, another downstream target of EED which is regulated in an H3K27me3-dependent manner, reverses the proliferation defect of EED-ablated NSPCs. Taken together, these findings established a critical role of EED in the development of hippocampal dentate gyrus, which might shed new light on the molecular mechanism of intellectual disability in patients with EED mutations. : In this article, Chang-Mei Liu and colleagues show that EED is necessary for neuronal differentiation in the dentate gyrus, by targeting the downstream target Sox11 through interaction with H3K27me1. These data established a critical role of EED in the development of hippocampal dentate gyrus, which might shed new light on understanding molecular mechanism of intellectual disability in patients with EED mutations. Keywords: EED, PRC2, neural stem cells, dentate gyrus