Maslinic acid and gallic acid protective efficacy on lipids, lipoproteins and lipid metabolizing enzymes against isoproterenol administered cardiotoxicity: An in vivo and in silico molecular docking evidences

Objective: The current study designed to investigate the protective efficacy of maslinic acid (MA) and gallic acid (GA) against isoproterenol (ISO) administered cardiac toxicity in rats by exploring in vivo and in silico approaches. Methods: The animals were divided into five different groups. The individual animal groups were orally pretreated with MA (15 mg/kg) and GA ((15 mg/kg) for 7 days and ISO administered subcutaneously on 8th and 9th days to induce MI. Blood, heart and liver were collected from sacrificed animals and used for biochemical analysis. Results: The results represented significant decrease in the levels of high density lipoprotein cholesterol, lipoprotein lipase and lecithin cholesterol acyl transferase whereas significant increase in the levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, very low density lipoprotein cholesterol and HMG-CoA reductase in ISO (85 mg/kg) treated rats. However, pretreatment of ISO treated rats with MA and GA markedly brought all the parameters such as lipids, lipoproteins and lipid metabolic marker enzymes to near normal level indicating the ameliorating effect of MA and GA against MI. Further, the investigation extended to in silico analysis to study the interaction of MA and GA with the key lipid metabolizing enzymes by using Gold 3.0.1 software. The molecular docking studies revealed that HMG-CoA reductase, LPL and LCAT formed strong enzyme ligand complexes with MA and GA. Conclusions: MA and GA exhibited protective efficacy against ISO administered cardiotoxicity and the results further supported by molecular docking studies.