Dielectric rod loaded tunable substrate integrated waveguide slot antenna

Abstract This paper presents a novel passive tuning technique to mechanically tune the resonant frequency of a substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) slot antenna, by using cylindrical rods of different dielectric materials in the air holes. A full‐wave 3‐dimensional Electromagnetic simulator software is used to estimate tunability in the resonant frequency of the SIW slot antenna, which is then analysed using its equivalent circuit, and then verified experimentally. Tunability is obtained by changing relative permittivity of dielectric rods. Measurements show good frequency tunability even with a limited number of dielectric rods and gains over 5 dBi. The similarity in the radiation patterns with tuning, demonstrates a good characteristic for tunable antennas. The technique is simple but effective and does not require external direct current bias circuitry, which removes parasitic effects and less power consumption. The low field perturbation of dielectric rods provides better loss performance and a higher Q‐factor over a wider bandwidth. The initial design demonstrates a cost‐effective tuning technique achieving return loss (>10 dB) in the X‐band. This technique is also suitable for practically overcoming the performance deviation due to fabrication inaccuracies and temperature variation.