Long-term use of modern Portland cement concrete: The impact of Al-tobermorite formation

The distribution of compressive strength in thick concrete members exposed to various environments in a nuclear power plant undergoing decommissioning is investigated. X-ray diffraction data, scanning electron microscopy analysis, and chemical analysis data reveal that rock-forming minerals in the aggregate had reacted and portlandite had been consumed to form calcium alumino silicate hydrates (C-A-S-H) when evaporable water content was sufficient. In addition, the study confirms Al-tobermorite formation in modern concrete after 16.5 years of elevated temperature conditions ranging from 40 to 55 °C. It is concluded that an appropriate aggregate and binder combination for the concrete enhances the compressive strength of thick concrete members thanks to the reaction of rock-forming minerals with portlandite, and also strengthens the chemical stability through the formation of Al-tobermorite under elevated temperature conditions and sufficient evaporable water content.