First detection of Cupriavidus gilardii in a bovine neonatal diarrhea outbreak

Abstract Background Cupriavidus gilardii is an aerobic, gram-negative, motile, glucose-nonfermenting bacillus, first described in 1999. Typically, it exhibits low pathogenicity in humans, causing opportunistic infections primarily in individuals with compromised immune systems. This bacterium has been also found in various environmental sources such as plants and contaminated soils. Notably, there have been no documented cases of C. gilardii infections in animals. Case presentation This case report outlines a bovine neonatal diarrhea outbreak that occurred in Northern Greece, during which C. gilardii was isolated. Faecal samples from 5-day-old calves were collected and transported to the laboratory for further examination. Bacterial culture and next generation sequencing techniques were employed to confirm the presence of this bacterium in the samples. Following the isolation and identification of C. gilardii from the samples, an autogenous vaccine was produced and administered to the cows within the farm. Subsequent to vaccination, a progressive reduction in calf diarrhea and deaths was observed, leading to their eventual complete resolution. To the best of our knowledge, this represents the first documentation of C. gilardii isolation from cases of bovine neonatal diarrhea. Conclusion This case report presents the first isolation case of C. gilardii from animal samples and more specifically from calf faecal samples. It represents an important observation, providing evidence that this opportunistic human pathogen could contribute to clinical symptoms in animals.