Correlation between Proteinuria and Glomerular Filtration Rate in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Indonesia faces a double burden of communicable and non-communicable diseases, including metabolic and degenerative problems. Delay in the detection of diabetic nephropathy (DN) as one of the chronic microvascular complications is often seen, leading to the need for hemodialysis due to the end-stage renal disease (ESRD). An assessment of diabetes mellitus (DM) control target achievement, based on the guideline from the Indonesian Society of Endocrinology (Perkumpulan Endokrinologi Indonesia, PERKENI), and nephropathy early detection was performed in 54 Type-2 DM patients from 5 private hospitals in Pekanbaru Riau, Indonesia, from November 2018 to September 2019. Results showed poor achievement of DM control with 61.1% had abnormal body mass index, 57.5% had HbA1c>7%, and 77.7% had LDL serum >100 mg/dL. Nevertheless, most patients achieved good blood pressure control (74%). A high percentage of nephropathy-proteinuria was seen (40.7%) with 40.9% of them revealed renal insufficiency classified as chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage 3 and 4. There was a significant correlation between proteinuria and declined GFR (p=0.016), onset of DM (p=0.02), and diastolic blood pressure (p=0.03). No correlation was found between HbA1c and declined GFR, which may be due to the cross-sectional nature of the study. It will be interesting to perform a prospective study on proteinuria modification as a predictor of nephropathy early detection in DM patients since kidney biopsy and urine albumin creatinine ratio assessment are not available in primary health care services in remote areas.