Exploring the Potential of Biomarkers for Early Diagnosis and Management of Sporadic Creutzfeldt - Jakob disease; A Review

Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (sCJD) is a rare and fatal neurodegenerative disorder with no known cure. Early diagnosis of sCJD is crucial for appropriate patient management, but currently, there is no single definitive diagnostic test. However, recent research has shown promising results in identifying novel biomarkers that may aid in the early diagnosis and management of sCJD. This review summarises the current state of biomarker research for sCJD, focusing on the potential of various biomarkers, including cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers, neuroimaging techniques, and other potential biomarkers such as blood, urine, and saliva. Using these biomarkers has significantly improved the premortem diagnosis of sCJD, providing patients with valuable information about their condition and enabling them to make necessary plans for the future. Additionally, biomarkers have contributed to our understanding of the disease, paving the way for future therapies and management strategies. While biomarker research for sCJD has shown promising results, there are still several challenges and limitations that need to be addressed. Future research directions include the development of more sensitive and specific biomarkers, the standardisation of diagnostic criteria, and the validation of biomarkers across different patient populations.