Pediatric Cardiopulmonary Arrest: A Retrospective Analysis of Clinical Causes and Intervention Outcomes

Objective: This study aimed to analyze the clinical causes, resuscitation interventions, and outcomes of pediatric cardiopulmonary arrest to identify key predictors of survival and neurological prognosis. Design: A retrospective observational cohort study was conducted to evaluate pediatric cardiopulmonary arrest cases and their clinical outcomes. Subjects/Patients: A total of 150 pediatric patients aged 0 to 18 years who experienced cardiopulmonary arrest at a tertiary hospital were included in the study. Patients were categorized based on whether the arrest occurred in-hospital or out-of-hospital. Methods: Patient data, including demographics, causes of cardiopulmonary arrest, resuscitation interventions, and clinical outcomes, were collected from hospital records between September 1, 2019, and August 31, 2024. Statistical analyses were performed to assess the association between key variables and survival outcomes. Results: The return of spontaneous circulation was significantly higher in in-hospital cases compared to out-of-hospital cases. Early resuscitation was strongly associated with improved survival outcomes. Mortality rates were highest during early morning hours. The most common causes of cardiopulmonary arrest were cardiac, respiratory, and systemic diseases. Conclusion: Timely resuscitation and the location of cardiopulmonary arrest significantly impact survival and neurological outcomes in pediatric patients. The findings emphasize the importance of rapid intervention and structured emergency protocols to improve clinical outcomes in pediatric resuscitation.