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Slow Down: Behavioural and Physiological Effects of Reducing Eating Rate

Authors :
Katherine Hawton
Danielle Ferriday
Peter Rogers
Paula Toner
Jonathan Brooks
Jeffrey Holly
Kalina Biernacka
Julian Hamilton-Shield
Elanor Hinton
Source :
Nutrients, Vol 11, Iss 1, p 50 (2018)
Publication Year :
2018
Publisher :
MDPI AG, 2018.

Abstract

Slowing eating rate appears to be an effective strategy for reducing food intake. This feasibility study investigated the effect of eating rate on post-meal responses using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), plasma gastrointestinal hormone concentrations, appetite ratings, memory for recent eating, and snack consumption. Twenty-one participants (mean age 23 years with healthy body mass index) were randomly assigned to consume a 600 kcal meal at either a “normal” or “slow” rate (6 vs. 24 min). Immediately afterwards, participants rated meal enjoyment and satisfaction. FMRI was performed 2-h post-meal during a memory task about the meal. Appetite, peptide YY, and ghrelin were measured at baseline and every 30 min for 3 h. Participants were given an ad-libitum snack three hours post-meal. Results were reported as effect sizes (Cohen’s d) due to the feasibility sample size. The normal rate group found the meal more enjoyable (effect size = 0.5) and satisfying (effect size = 0.6). Two hours post-meal, the slow rate group reported greater fullness (effect size = 0.7) and more accurate portion size memory (effect sizes = 0.4), with a linear relationship between time taken to make portion size decisions and the BOLD response in satiety and reward brain regions. Ghrelin suppression post-meal was greater in the slow rate group (effect size = 0.8). Three hours post-meal, the slow rate group consumed on average 25% less energy from snacks (effect size = 0.5). These data offer novel insights about mechanisms underlying how eating rate affects food intake and have implications for the design of effective weight-management interventions.

Details

Language :
English
ISSN :
20726643
Volume :
11
Issue :
1
Database :
Directory of Open Access Journals
Journal :
Nutrients
Publication Type :
Academic Journal
Accession number :
edsdoj.bd5fb50d459648fab07f30ca78400db9
Document Type :
article
Full Text :
https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11010050