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Immune Cells Invade the Collateral Circulation during Human Stroke: Prospective Replication and Extension
- Source :
- International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 22, Iss 17, p 9161 (2021)
- Publication Year :
- 2021
- Publisher :
- MDPI AG, 2021.
-
Abstract
- It remains unclear if principal components of the local cerebral stroke immune response can be reliably and reproducibly observed in patients with acute large-vessel-occlusion (LVO) stroke. We prospectively studied a large independent cohort of n = 318 consecutive LVO stroke patients undergoing mechanical thrombectomy during which cerebral blood samples from within the occluded anterior circulation and systemic control samples from the ipsilateral cervical internal carotid artery were obtained. An extensive protocol was applied to homogenize the patient cohort and to standardize the procedural steps of endovascular sample collection, sample processing, and laboratory analyses. N = 58 patients met all inclusion criteria. (1) Mean total leukocyte counts were significantly higher within the occluded ischemic cerebral vasculature (I) vs. intraindividual systemic controls (S): +9.6%, I: 8114/µL ± 529 vs. S: 7406/µL ± 468, p = 0.0125. (2) This increase was driven by neutrophils: +12.1%, I: 7197/µL ± 510 vs. S: 6420/µL ± 438, p = 0.0022. Leukocyte influx was associated with (3) reduced retrograde collateral flow (R2 = 0.09696, p = 0.0373) and (4) greater infarct extent (R2 = 0.08382, p = 0.032). Despite LVO, leukocytes invade the occluded territory via retrograde collateral pathways early during ischemia, likely compromising cerebral hemodynamics and tissue integrity. This inflammatory response can be reliably observed in human stroke by harvesting immune cells from the occluded cerebral vascular compartment.
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 14220067 and 16616596
- Volume :
- 22
- Issue :
- 17
- Database :
- Directory of Open Access Journals
- Journal :
- International Journal of Molecular Sciences
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- edsdoj.bcf9613cdd464b83b87f595a7507c022
- Document Type :
- article
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22179161