Neoadjuvant PD-1 blockade induces T cell and cDC1 activation but fails to overcome the immunosuppressive tumor associated macrophages in recurrent glioblastoma

Immune-checkpoint blockade has shown limited benefits in patients with glioblastoma. To understand how the composition of the tumor immune microenvironment might limit clinical responses, here the authors present a high dimensional profiling of the immune landscape in patients with glioblastoma following neoadjuvant PD-1 checkpoint blockade.