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Effects of Diets Containing Different Levels of Copper, Manganese, and Iodine on Rumen Fermentation, Blood Parameters, and Growth Performance of Yaks

Authors :
Huizhen Lu
Weibin Wu
Xinsheng Zhao
Musaddiq Wada Abbas
Shujie Liu
Lizhuang Hao
Yanfeng Xue
Source :
Animals, Vol 13, Iss 16, p 2651 (2023)
Publication Year :
2023
Publisher :
MDPI AG, 2023.

Abstract

Copper, manganese, and iodine are part of a yak’s required trace elements. However, knowledge about their dietary requirements is scarce. Therefore, an experiment was conducted to evaluate rumen fermentation, blood parameters, and growth performance and screen out the optimum levels of trace elements in yaks’ diet. Here, 18 three-year-old castrated yaks were randomly divided into four groups, which fed with diets containing basal (CON: 4.40, 33.82, and 0 mg/kg) and low-level (LL: 10.00, 40.00, and 0.30 mg/kg), middle-level (ML: 15.00, 50.00, and 0.50 mg/kg), and high-level (HL: 20.00, 60.00, and 0.70 mg/kg) copper, manganese, and iodine for 30 days. With the increase in trace elements, yaks’ daily weight gain (DWG), rumen pH, ammonia nitrogen, microbial protein (MCP), and volatile fatty acids levels and serum triglycerides and urea nitrogen levels showed firstly increasing and then decreasing trends and reached the highest values in ML, and serum ceruloplasmin and total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) activities showed continuously increasing trends. Yaks’ DWG, rumen MCP, butyrate, and valerate levels and serum triglycerides, urea nitrogen, ceruloplasmin, and T-SOD levels in ML were significantly higher than CON. Therefore, the recommended levels of copper, manganese, and iodine in growing yaks’ diet are 15.00, 50.00, and 0.50 mg/kg (ML), respectively.

Details

Language :
English
ISSN :
20762615
Volume :
13
Issue :
16
Database :
Directory of Open Access Journals
Journal :
Animals
Publication Type :
Academic Journal
Accession number :
edsdoj.bac7e28f1142b7bf4508a9ffcb24b1
Document Type :
article
Full Text :
https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13162651