The Acceptance of Culturally Adapted Signing Avatars Among Deaf and Hard-of-Hearing Individuals

Deaf and Hard of Hearing (DHH) individuals often encounter significant challenges in communication and accessing digital content, with Sign Language as their primary mode of communication. Traditional Sign Language interpretation services and existing accessibility measures may not always be readily available or effective. This study explores the acceptance of signing avatars, specifically the culturally adapted BuHamad avatar, among DHH individuals in Qatar. Semi-structured interviews with 40 DHH participants, representing 10% of the deaf population in Qatar, were conducted using the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). Factors such as perceived usefulness, ease of use, attitude, and behavioral intention to use the BuHamad avatar were examined through descriptive statistics and thematic analysis of qualitative data. Findings reveal that while participants generally hold positive attitudes towards the signing avatar and its potential to enhance accessibility, they do not view it as a substitute for human interpreters. Key usability issues, including avatar movement and appearance, were identified. This study introduces the Technology Acceptance Model of Signing Avatars (TAMSA) and provides insights into factors influencing the acceptance of signing avatars in Qatar. These insights can guide developers and designers in creating more effective and user-friendly avatars for the DHH community in Qatar and the broader Gulf region.