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Breakthrough SARS-COV-2 infection induces broad anti-viral T cell immunity
- Source :
- iScience, Vol 26, Iss 12, Pp 108474- (2023)
- Publication Year :
- 2023
- Publisher :
- Elsevier, 2023.
-
Abstract
- Summary: Vaccines have curtailed the devastation wrought by COVID-19. Nevertheless, emerging variants result in a high incidence of breakthrough infections. Here we assess the impact of vaccination and breakthrough infection on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) T cell immunity. We demonstrate that COVID-19 vaccination induces robust spike-specific T cell responses that, within the CD4+ compartment, display comparable IFN-γ responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection without vaccination. Vaccine-induced CD8+ IFN-γ responses however, were significantly greater than those primed by SARS-CoV-2 infection alone. This increased responsiveness is associated with induction of novel HLA-restricted CD8+ T cell epitopes not primed by infection alone (without vaccination). Despite these augmented responses, breakthrough infection still induced de novo T cell responses against additional SARS-CoV-2 CD8+ epitopes that display HLA-associated immunodominance hierarchies consistent with those in unvaccinated COVID-19 convalescent individuals. This study demonstrates the unique modulation of anti-viral T cell responses against multiple viral antigens following consecutive yet distinct priming events in COVID-19 vaccination and breakthrough infection.
- Subjects :
- Biological sciences
Immunology
Immune response
Virology
Science
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 25890042
- Volume :
- 26
- Issue :
- 12
- Database :
- Directory of Open Access Journals
- Journal :
- iScience
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- edsdoj.ba39effdad3542afbe212dca5dfdc0a7
- Document Type :
- article
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2023.108474