Human impacts on the wellbeing of urban trees in Wellington, New Zealand

Greenspaces and urban trees play an important role in moderating and improving urban environments to make them more comfortable and healthy for people. While trees provide important wellbeing benefits to people, urban planning and maintenance practices can create inhospitable and stressful environments where trees are unable to flourish or reach their potential. As the impacts of climate change intensify, the health of urban trees will become increasingly important. To explore how planning and maintenance practices are affecting urban trees, we draw on a case study of 31 street and park trees adjacent to high-use pedestrian areas in Wellington, New Zealand. We analysed these trees using six key factors that influence tree health to identify how planning and maintenance practices could be adjusted to support tree health and ecosystem function. We suggest that the six key factors have planning and maintenance implications for urban trees which are relevant to a variety of urban contexts, but particularly space-constrained urban streets requiring multiple functions and infrastructure. We argue that as climate impacts intensify, using these six key factors can help promote urban tree health and ecosystem function and avoid mal-adaptive planning and maintenance practices.