Adverse pregnancy outcomes after in vitro fertilization due to undiagnosed urogenital tuberculosis and proposed screening algorithm for patients from tuberculosis-endemic countries

Objective: To report 2 cases of adverse pregnancy outcomes due to delayed diagnosis of urogenital tuberculosis and propose a screening algorithm for patients from tuberculosis-endemic countries. Design: Case report. Setting: Academic medical center. Patient(s): Two patients with delayed diagnosis of urogenital tuberculosis leading to a fetal loss and a preterm delivery of an infant with congenital tuberculosis. Intervention(s): Endometrial biopsy, acid-fast bacilli culture of urine, and endometrium. Main outcome measure(s): Pregnancy outcomes. Result(s): Fetal loss at 19 weeks and preterm delivery of an infant with congenital tuberculosis before urogenital tuberculosis treatment. Conclusion(s): Patients who are at risk of urogenital tuberculosis should be screened in advance of infertility treatment to potentially prevent adverse pregnancy outcomes.