Cortical visual impairment: Diagnostic criteria and treatment elements

Cortical visual impairment is a leading cause of difficulties in visual functioning in premature children and children with cerebral palsy. Bearing in mind that a large part of the brain is involved in regulating visual-perceptive activities, the factors which influence its structure and functioning are a common cause of visual impairment. Complex neurological and neuro-ophthalmological basis of cortical visual impairment requires a transdisciplinary approach, as the most effective one for making accurate diagnosis and planning treatment. Introducing a separate code for cortical visual impairment in the International Classification of Diseases can simplify the diagnostics, formation of uniform diagnostic criteria, and provide evidence-based treatment involvement. Determining the presence of neurological impairment and a detailed assessment of visual functioning facilitate the creation of intervention programs and a "friendly environment" for working and daily functioning, based on individual needs of a child.