Mapping of bamboo forest bright and shadow areas using optical and SAR satellite data in Google Earth Engine

Bamboo groves predominantly thrive in tropical or subtropical regions. Assessing the efficacy of remote sensing data of various types in extracting bamboo forest information from bright and shadow areas is a critical issue for achieving precise identification of bamboo forests in complex terrain. In this study, 34 features were obtained from Sentinel-1 SAR and Sentinel-2 optical images using the Google Earth Engine platform. The normalized shaded vegetation index (NSVI) was then employed to segment the bright and shadow woodlands. Different features from diverse data sources were evaluated to extract bamboo forest information in the bright and shadow areas, then use the random forest (RF) classification algorithm to extract bamboo forest. The results showed that (1) the red-edge and short-wave infrared bands of Sentinel-2 optical images and their corresponding vegetation indices are significant in bamboo forest information extraction. (2) The dissimilarity and homogeneity of Sentinel-2 texture features in the bright area and dissimilarity in the shadow area, the Sentinel-1 backscatter features in the bright area and the VV and VH in the bright area and VV-VH in the shadow area have some variability between bamboo and nonbamboo forests, which can be used as effective features for bamboo forest extraction. (3) The combination of spectral, texture and backscatter features yields the highest overall classification accuracy and Kappa coefficient, at 87.96% and 0.7435, respectively. This study has the potential for remote sensing refinement of bamboo forest identification in complex terrain areas by utilizing subregion classification methods combined with optical and radar image features.