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The Toxic Effects of Petroleum Diesel, Biodiesel, and Renewable Diesel Exhaust Particles on Human Alveolar Epithelial Cells

Authors :
Oskari J. Uski
Gregory Rankin
Håkan Wingfors
Roger Magnusson
Christoffer Boman
Robert Lindgren
Ala Muala
Anders Blomberg
Jenny A. Bosson
Thomas Sandström
Source :
Journal of Xenobiotics, Vol 14, Iss 4, Pp 1432-1449 (2024)
Publication Year :
2024
Publisher :
MDPI AG, 2024.

Abstract

The use of alternative diesel fuels has increased due to the demand for renewable energy sources. There is limited knowledge regarding the potential health effects caused by exhaust emissions from biodiesel- and renewable diesel-fueled engines. This study investigates the toxic effects of particulate matter (PM) emissions from a diesel engine powered by conventional petroleum diesel fuel (SD10) and two biodiesel and renewable diesel fuels in vitro. The fuels used were rapeseed methyl ester (RME), soy methyl ester (SME), and Hydrogenated Vegetable Oil (HVO), either pure or as 50% blends with SD10. Additionally, a 5% RME blend was also used. The highest concentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon emissions and elemental carbon (EC) was found in conventional diesel and the 5% RME blend. HVO PM samples also exhibited a high amount of EC. A dose-dependent genotoxic response was detected with PM from SD10, pure SME, and RME as well as their blends. Reactive oxygen species levels were several times higher in cells exposed to PM from SD10, pure HVO, and especially the 5% RME blend. Apoptotic cell death was observed in cells exposed to PM from SD10, 5% RME blend, the 50% SME blend, and HVO samples. In conclusion, all diesel PM samples, including biodiesel and renewable diesel fuels, exhibited toxicity.

Details

Language :
English
ISSN :
20394713 and 20394705
Volume :
14
Issue :
4
Database :
Directory of Open Access Journals
Journal :
Journal of Xenobiotics
Publication Type :
Academic Journal
Accession number :
edsdoj.b8470194dfa943bcaba1cb9e81faad34
Document Type :
article
Full Text :
https://doi.org/10.3390/jox14040080