A new multi-dimensional state of health evaluation method for lithium-ion batteries

Electric vehicles and battery energy storage are effective technical paths to achieve carbon neutrality, and lithium-ion batteries (LiBs) are very critical energy storage devices, which is of great significance to the goal. However, the battery’s characteristics of instant degradation seriously affect its long life and high safety applications. The aging mechanisms of LiBs are complex and multifaceted, strongly influenced by numerous interacting factors. Currently, the degree of capacity fading is commonly used to describe the aging of the battery, and the ratio of the maximum available capacity to the rated capacity of the battery is defined as the state of health (SOH). However, the aging or health of the battery should be multifaceted. To realize the multi-dimensional comprehensive evaluation of battery health status, a novel SOH estimation method driven by multidimensional aging characteristics is proposed through the improved single-particle model. The parameter identification and sensitivity analysis of the model were carried out during the whole cycle of life in a wide temperature environment. Nine aging characteristic parameters were obtained to describe the SOH. Combined with aging mechanisms, the current health status was evaluated from four aspects: capacity level, lithium-ion diffusion, electrochemical reaction, and power capacity. The proposed method can more comprehensively evaluate the aging characteristics of batteries, and the SOH estimation error is within 2%.