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Comparative Study of the Removal Efficiency of Nalidixic Acid by Poly[(4-vinylbenzyl)trimethylammonium Chloride] and N-Alkylated Chitosan through the Ultrafiltration Technique and Its Approximation through Theoretical Calculations
- Source :
- Polymers, Vol 15, Iss 15, p 3185 (2023)
- Publication Year :
- 2023
- Publisher :
- MDPI AG, 2023.
-
Abstract
- Emerging antibiotic contaminants in water is a global problem because bacterial strains resistant to these antibiotics arise, risking human health. This study describes the use of poly[(4-vinylbenzyl) trimethylammonium chloride] and N-alkylated chitosan, two cationic polymers with different natures and structures to remove nalidixic acid. Both contain ammonium salt as a functional group. One of them is a synthetic polymer, and the other is a modified artificial polymer. The removal of the antibiotic was investigated under various experimental conditions (pH, ionic strength, and antibiotic concentration) using the technique of liquid-phase polymer-based retention (LPR). In addition, a stochastic algorithm provided by Fukui’s functions is used. It was shown that alkylated N-chitosan presents 65.0% removal at pH 7, while poly[(4-vinylbenzyl)trimethylammonium chloride] removes 75.0% at pH 9. The interaction mechanisms that predominate the removal processes are electrostatic interactions, π–π interactions, and hydrogen bonding. The polymers reached maximum retention capacities of 1605 mg g−1 for poly[(4-vinylbenzyl) trimethylammonium chloride] and 561 mg g−1 of antibiotic per gram for alkylated poly(N-chitosan). In conclusion, the presence of aromatic groups improves the capacity and polymer–antibiotic interactions.
- Subjects :
- nalidixic acid
removal
polymers
ultrafiltration membranes
Organic chemistry
QD241-441
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 15153185 and 20734360
- Volume :
- 15
- Issue :
- 15
- Database :
- Directory of Open Access Journals
- Journal :
- Polymers
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- edsdoj.b7c5a3492854f199a4716317d1435d8
- Document Type :
- article
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.3390/polym15153185