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Are Further Cross Section Measurements Necessary for Space Radiation Protection or Ion Therapy Applications? Helium Projectiles

Authors :
John W. Norbury
Giuseppe Battistoni
Judith Besuglow
Luca Bocchini
Daria Boscolo
Alexander Botvina
Martha Clowdsley
Wouter de Wet
Marco Durante
Martina Giraudo
Thomas Haberer
Lawrence Heilbronn
Felix Horst
Michael Krämer
Chiara La Tessa
Francesca Luoni
Andrea Mairani
Silvia Muraro
Ryan B. Norman
Vincenzo Patera
Giovanni Santin
Christoph Schuy
Lembit Sihver
Tony C. Slaba
Nikolai Sobolevsky
Albana Topi
Uli Weber
Charles M. Werneth
Cary Zeitlin
Source :
Frontiers in Physics, Vol 8 (2020)
Publication Year :
2020
Publisher :
Frontiers Media S.A., 2020.

Abstract

The helium (4He) component of the primary particles in the galactic cosmic ray spectrum makes significant contributions to the total astronaut radiation exposure. 4He ions are also desirable for direct applications in ion therapy. They contribute smaller projectile fragmentation than carbon (12C) ions and smaller lateral beam spreading than protons. Space radiation protection and ion therapy applications need reliable nuclear reaction models and transport codes for energetic particles in matter. Neutrons and light ions (1H, 2H, 3H, 3He, and 4He) are the most important secondary particles produced in space radiation and ion therapy nuclear reactions; these particles penetrate deeply and make large contributions to dose equivalent. Since neutrons and light ions may scatter at large angles, double differential cross sections are required by transport codes that propagate radiation fields through radiation shielding and human tissue. This work will review the importance of 4He projectiles to space radiation and ion therapy, and outline the present status of neutron and light ion production cross section measurements and modeling, with recommendations for future needs.

Details

Language :
English
ISSN :
2296424X
Volume :
8
Database :
Directory of Open Access Journals
Journal :
Frontiers in Physics
Publication Type :
Academic Journal
Accession number :
edsdoj.b7c4e74b627d4ffba470b9b5cd9562a0
Document Type :
article
Full Text :
https://doi.org/10.3389/fphy.2020.565954