Integrated watershed management in Ecuador: Challenges, opportunities, and perspectives for sustainable development

Effective water resource management is crucial for sustainable development, particularly in Ecuador, where diverse geographical and climatic conditions create unique challenges. This review article examines the advancements, challenges, and opportunities in integrated watershed management across various river basins in Ecuador. By analyzing critical issues such as pollution, deforestation, erosion, and resource exploitation, the study highlights the complexities involved in managing water resources. The use of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) strategies is emphasized as vital tools for addressing these challenges. The article also explores the importance of stakeholder coordination, equitable water distribution, and the need for robust environmental regulations. Through a comprehensive review of scientific literature and case studies, this study provides valuable insights and recommendations for developing future policies and strategies that ensure sustainable water management and ecosystem conservation in Ecuador.