Optimizing CNN-LSTM for the Localization of False Data Injection Attacks in Power Systems

As the informatization of power systems advances, the secure operation of power systems faces various potential network attacks and threats. The false data injection attack (FDIA) is a common attack mode that can lead to abnormal system operations and serious economic losses by injecting abnormal data into terminal links or devices. The current research on FDIA primarily focuses on detecting its existence, but there is relatively little research on the localization of the attacks. To address this challenge, this study proposes a novel FDIA localization method (GA-CNN-LSTM) that combines convolutional neural networks (CNNs), long short-term memory (LSTM), and a genetic algorithm (GA) and can accurately locate the attacked bus or line. This method utilizes a CNN to extract local features and combines LSTM with time series information to extract global features. It integrates a CNN and LSTM to deeply explore complex patterns and dynamic changes in the data, effectively extract FDIA features in the data, and optimize the hyperparameters of the neural network using the GA to ensure an optimal performance of the model. Simulation experiments were conducted on the IEEE 14-bus and 118-bus test systems. The results indicate that the GA-CNN-LSTM method achieved F1 scores for location identification of 99.71% and 99.10%, respectively, demonstrating superior localization performance compared to other methods.