Architecture, Key Technologies and Applications of Load Dispatching in China Power Grid

With the development of renewable energy and the changes in the characteristics of power grid, it is becoming increasingly difficult to balance power supply and demand in space and time. In addition, the requirement for improved dispatching capability of power grid is increasing. Therefore, the potential of flexible load dispatching should be realized, which can promote the large-scale consumption of renewable energy and the construction of new power grid. Based on the analysis of existing load dispatching studies and the differences in the characteristics of domestic and foreign load dispatchings, a technical architecture and several key technologies are proposed for load resources to participate in power grid dispatching under the new situation, i.e., the autonomous collaborative control system of load dispatching. This system implements the multi-layer coordinated control of main, distribution and micro grids (load aggregators). Adjustable load resources are aggregated through an aggregator operation platform and connected with a dispatcher load regulator platform to realize real-time data interaction with dispatching agencies as well as the monitoring, control, and marketing of aggregators. It supports the load resources to participate in network-wide dispatching optimization via continuous power adjustment. Several key technologies such as the control mode, load modeling, dispatching strategy, and safety protection are also elaborated. Through the closed-loop control of orderly charging piles and energy storage clusters in the North China Power Grid, the feasibility of the proposed architecture and key technologies is verified. This route has successively supported multiple adjustable load aggregators to participate in the ancillary services market of North China Power Grid for peak-shaving. Finally, the technical challenges of load resources participating in power grid dispatching under the dual carbon goals are discussed and prospected.