Impact of Rapid Urbanization on Shenzhen Water Environment

The water environment of Shenzhen Bay,one of the key waters in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area,is mainly influenced by the urbanization of the surrounding areas.Water resource protection and water environment governance are particularly important for Shenzhen,a water-deficient city.This paper explores the specific influence relationship between each factor and the water environment in the process of urbanization.The comprehensive water pollution index and Pearson correlation analysis are utilized to analyze the relationship of the changes in population size and industrial structure with the water environment of Shenzhen Bay in urbanization.The research shows that the main pollutants in the water environment of Shenzhen Bay are chemical oxygen demand (COD) and ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N),and some pollutants come from urban non-point source pollution.The water quality in Nanshan District is good,while that in Futian District is poor,but the overall water quality shows a trend of improvement.The water environment is less affected by population change and more affected by industrial structure change.Therefore,formulating reasonable policies to guide the transformation of the industrial structure is an effective way to improve the water environment of Shenzhen Bay.