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Nut Consumptions as a Marker of Higher Diet Quality in a Mediterranean Population at High Cardiovascular Risk

Authors :
Maria del Mar Bibiloni
Alicia Julibert
Cristina Bouzas
Miguel A. Martínez-González
Dolores Corella
Jordi Salas-Salvadó
M. Dolors Zomeño
Jesús Vioque
Dora Romaguera
J. Alfredo Martínez
Julia Wärnberg
José López-Miranda
Ramón Estruch
Aurora Bueno-Cavanillas
Fernando Arós
Francisco Tinahones
Lluis Serra-Majem
Vicente Martín
José Lapetra
Clotilde Vázquez
Xavier Pintó
Josep Vidal
Lidia Daimiel
Miguel Delgado-Rodríguez
Pilar Matía
Emilio Ros
Rebeca Fernández-Carrión
Antonio Garcia-Rios
M. Angeles Zulet
Domingo Orozco-Beltrán
Helmut Schröder
Montserrat Fitó
Mónica Bulló
Josep Basora
Juan Carlos Cenoz
Javier Diez-Espino
Estefanía Toledo
Josep A. Tur
Source :
Nutrients, Vol 11, Iss 4, p 754 (2019)
Publication Year :
2019
Publisher :
MDPI AG, 2019.

Abstract

Background: Nut consumption has been associated with improved nutrient adequacy and diet quality in healthy adult populations but this association has never been explored in individuals at high cardiovascular risk. Objective: to assess the associations between consumption of nuts and nutrient adequacy and diet quality in a Mediterranean population at high cardiovascular risk. Design: baseline assessment of nutritional adequacy in participants (n = 6060, men and women, with ages 55–75 years old, with overweight/obesity and metabolic syndrome) in the PREDIMED-PLUS primary cardiovascular prevention randomized trial. Methods: nut intake was assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Participants who reported consuming zero quantity of nuts were classified as ‘non-nut consumers’. ‘Nut consumers’ were participants who reported consuming any quantity of nuts. Nineteen micronutrients were examined (vitamins B1, B2, B3, B6, B12, A, C, D, E and folic acid; Ca, K, P, Mg, Fe, Se, Cr, Zn, and iodine). The proportion of micronutrient inadequacy was estimated using the estimated average requirements (EAR) or adequate intake (AI) cut-points. Diet quality was also assessed using a 17-item Mediterranean dietary questionnaire (Mediterranean diet score, MDS), a carbohydrate quality index (CQI) and a fat quality index (FQI). Results: eighty-two percent of participants were nut consumers (median of nut consumption 12.6 g/day; interquartile range: 6.0–25.2). Nut consumers were less likely to be below the EAR for vitamins A, B1, B2, B6, C, D, E, folic acid, and Ca, Mg, Se and Zn than non-nut consumers. Nut consumers were also more likely to be above the AI for K and Cr than non-nut consumers. Nut consumers had lower prevalence of inadequate micronutrient intakes, but also higher CQI, higher FQI, and better scores of adherence to the Mediterranean diet (Mediterranean diet score, MDS). Conclusions: nut consumers had better nutrient adequacy, diet quality, and adherence to the MedDiet than those non-nut consumers.

Details

Language :
English
ISSN :
20726643
Volume :
11
Issue :
4
Database :
Directory of Open Access Journals
Journal :
Nutrients
Publication Type :
Academic Journal
Accession number :
edsdoj.b3b0dbb4932e478ebcc950982124ed30
Document Type :
article
Full Text :
https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11040754