Real-Time Φ-OTDR Vibration Event Recognition Based on Image Target Detection

Accurate and fast identification of vibration signals detected based on the phase-sensitive optical time-domain reflectometer (Φ-OTDR) is crucial in reducing the false-alarm rate of the long-distance distributed vibration warning system. This study proposes a computer vision-based Φ-OTDR multi-vibration events detection method in real-time, which can effectively detect perimeter intrusion events and reduce personnel patrol costs. Pulse accumulation, pulse cancellers, median filter, and pseudo-color processing are employed for vibration signal feature enhancement to generate vibration spatio-temporal images and form a customized dataset. This dataset is used to train and evaluate an improved YOLO-A30 based on the YOLO target detection meta-architecture to improve system performance. Experiments show that using this method to process 8069 vibration data images generated from 5 abnormal vibration activities for two types of fiber optic laying scenarios, buried underground or hung on razor barbed wire at the perimeter of high-speed rail, the system mAP@.5 is 99.5%, 555 frames per second (FPS), and can detect a theoretical maximum distance of 135.1 km per second. It can quickly and effectively identify abnormal vibration activities, reduce the false-alarm rate of the system for long-distance multi-vibration along high-speed rail lines, and significantly reduce the computational cost while maintaining accuracy.