Impact of frailty on long-term mortality in older patients receiving intensive care via the emergency department

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate whether frailty was associated with 6-month mortality in older adults who were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) with an illness requiring emergency care. The investigation was a prospective, multi-center, observational study conducted among the ICUs of 17 participating hospitals. Patients ≥ 65 years of age who were admitted to the ICU directly from an emergency department visit were assessed to determine their baseline Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS) scores before the illness and were surveyed 6 months after admission. Among 650 patients included in the study, the median age was 79 years old, and overall mortality at 6 months was as low as 21%, ranging from 6.2% in patients with CFS 1 to 42.9% in patients with CFS ≥ 7. When adjusted for potential confounders, CFS score was an independent prognostic factor for mortality (one-point increase in CFS, adjusted risk ratio with 95% confidence interval 1.19 [1.09–1.30]). Quality of life 6 months after admission worsened as baseline CFS score increased. However, there was no association between total hospitalization cost and baseline CFS. CFS is an important predictor of long-term outcomes among critically ill older patients requiring emergent admission.