Hypoplastic Dysplasia of Kidney with Hydroureter: Two Cases

Various congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract cause significant morbidity and mortality in children. Renal agenesis, hypoplasia and dysplasia belong to this group of abnormalities. The exact aetiology is still unknown. Imaging modalities like Ultrasonography (USG), Dimercaptosuccinic Acid (DMSA) Radionuclide Scan, Diethylene Triamine Pentaacetic Acid (DTPA) scan and Mercaptoacetyletriglycine (MAG3) scan are useful for assessing the relative functional status, degree of blood flow and any possible obstruction to the kidneys particularly in very young children and in patients with poor kidney function. Management is determined by the severity of cases. We report two cases of hypoplastic dysplasia of kidney, in which one case remained undetected till adulthood. Grossly the affected kidneys were small in size with dilated ureters. Histopathological study showed primitive ducts surrounded by immature mesenchymal tissue representing dysplasia. Radiological and histopathological examination remains the mainstay in diagnosis of such cases.