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Neurobiological Implications of Chronic Stress and Metabolic Dysregulation in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

Authors :
Aleksandar Sic
Kiana Cvetkovic
Eshanika Manchanda
Nebojsa Nick Knezevic
Source :
Diseases, Vol 12, Iss 9, p 220 (2024)
Publication Year :
2024
Publisher :
MDPI AG, 2024.

Abstract

Chronic stress is a significant factor affecting modern society, with profound implications for both physical and mental health. Central to the stress response is cortisol, a glucocorticoid hormone produced by the adrenal glands. While cortisol release is adaptive in acute stress, prolonged exposure to elevated levels can result in adverse effects. This manuscript explores the neurobiological implications of chronic stress and its impact on metabolic dysregulation, particularly in the context of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). The hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis regulates cortisol production, which influences metabolism, immune response, and neurobiology. Elevated cortisol levels are associated with the development and exacerbation of metabolic disorders like IBD and contribute to neurodegenerative processes, including cognitive impairments and increased susceptibility to psychiatric conditions. The interaction between cortisol and its receptors, particularly glucocorticoid receptors, underscores the complexity of these effects. This review aims to elucidate the mechanisms through which chronic stress and cortisol dysregulation impact metabolic health and neurobiological function, providing insights into potential therapeutic strategies for mitigating these effects.

Details

Language :
English
ISSN :
12090220, 20799721, and 58415149
Volume :
12
Issue :
9
Database :
Directory of Open Access Journals
Journal :
Diseases
Publication Type :
Academic Journal
Accession number :
edsdoj.b1ebbf0289c148b58415149a52504bac
Document Type :
article
Full Text :
https://doi.org/10.3390/diseases12090220