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Effects of Intermittent Hypoxia and Electrical Muscle Stimulation on Cognitive and Physiological Metrics
- Source :
- Bioengineering, Vol 10, Iss 5, p 536 (2023)
- Publication Year :
- 2023
- Publisher :
- MDPI AG, 2023.
-
Abstract
- Objectives: This study describes the effects of interval hypoxic training and electrical muscle stimulation (EMS) technology on human productivity with the following metrics: biochemical indices, cognitive abilities, changes in oxygenated (HbO) and deoxygenated (Hb) hemoglobin concentrations over the prefrontal cortex, and functional connectivity via electroencephalography (EEG). Methods: All measurements according to the described technology were made before the start of training and one month later, right after it ended. The study involved middle-aged Indo-European men. Specifically, there were 14, 15, and 18 participants in the control, hypoxic, and EMS groups, respectively. Results: EMS training improved reactions and nonverbal memory but decreased attention scores. Functional connectivity decreased in the EMS group while it increased in the hypoxic group. A result of the interval normobaric hypoxic training (IHT) was significantly improved contextual memory, with a p-value = 0.08. Conclusions: It was found that EMS training is more likely to cause stress on the body than positively affect cognitive functions. At the same time, interval hypoxic training can be considered a promising direction for increasing human productivity. The data obtained during the study can also help in the timely diagnosis of insufficient or overestimated indicators of biochemistry.
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 23065354
- Volume :
- 10
- Issue :
- 5
- Database :
- Directory of Open Access Journals
- Journal :
- Bioengineering
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- edsdoj.b0e80575ce9946b79a67e2978a137256
- Document Type :
- article
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering10050536