MIMO-Based Physical Layer Evaluation on IEEE 802.11bd

To enable vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communications, both the dedicated short-range communications (DSRC) and the cellular V2X (C-V2X) involved in the radio access technologies (RATs) are experiencing extensive development to support advanced vehicular applications and scenarios. Compared with the C-V2X whose effective reliability and scalability are still to be completely verified, the DSRC maintains its superiority due to the extensive safety-related field trials performed worldwide. Furthermore, IEEE 802.11bd, the next-generation V2X (NGV) standard for the vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) in the DSRC, is expected to greatly improve the performance compared to IEEE 802.11p with new physical layer (PHY) and medium access control (MAC) technologies. Hence, aimed to obtain the complete PHY evaluation on IEEE 802.11bd in terms of the packet error rate (PER), the packet reception ratio (PRR), the effective data rate, and the packet inter-arrival time (IAT), the various antenna configurations, vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) scenarios, packet sizes, and modulation and coding schemes (MCSs) are investigated and compared in a full PHY simulation. The results indicate that the multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) configuration is the most advantageous technique in decreasing the PER, increasing the PRR and the transmission coverage, elevating the output effective data rate, and reducing the output packet IAT in contrast with the single-input multiple-output (SIMO), multiple-input single-output (MISO), and single-input single-output (SISO) configurations at the farther distance. The urban non-line-of-sight (NLOS) scenario experiences the slightly better quality of communication and is more robust than the highway NLOS scenario. Both the packet size and the MCS need to be selected properly to satisfy the high-reliability, high-throughput, or low-latency requirements.