Dynamic Self-Adaptive Modeling for Real-Time Flood Control Operation of Multi-Reservoir Systems

In the real-time flood control operation of multi-reservoir systems, it is of great significance to establish a dynamic operating system with high efficiency based on the spatiotemporal variation of flood control situations. This paper proposes a self-adaptive modeling framework for real-time flood control operation of multi-reservoirs based on the cyber–physical system (CPS) theory. Firstly, the random flood samples considering the randomness of both space and magnitude are generated, and then the multi-reservoir real-time flood control hybrid operation (MRFCHO) model is established based on the dynamic identification of effective reservoirs. Then, the CPS theory is introduced to put forward the multi-reservoir real-time flood control hybrid operation cyber–physical system (MRFCHOCPS), which integrates real-time monitoring, control center, database, computation module, and communication network. Finally, the proposed framework is demonstrated in terms of accuracy, efficiency, and adaptability in real-time flood control operations. A case study of the multi-reservoir system upstream of the Lutaizi point in the Huaihe River basin in China reveals that (1) the equivalent qualified rate of the MRFCHO model is 84.9% for random flood samples; (2) the efficiency of solving the MRFCHO model is much higher than the efficiency of solving the MRFCJO model under the premise of ensuring the flood control effect, so it provides a reliable method for the real-time operation of basin-wide floods; (3) the MRFCHOCPS has good adaptability in real-time dynamic modeling and operation of large-scale multi-reservoir systems.