Supramolecular assembly-derived carbon-nitrogen-based functional materials for photo/electrochemical applications: progress and challenges

Supramolecular chemistry during the synthesis of carbon-nitrogen-based materials has recently experienced a renaissance in the arena of photocatalysis and electrocatalysis. In this review, we start with the discussion of supramolecular assemblies-derived carbon-nitrogen-based materials’ regulation from the aspect of morphology, chemical composition, and micro/nanostructural control. Afterwards the recent advances of these materials in energy and environment related applications, including degradation of pollutants, water splitting, oxygen reduction reactions, CO2 reduction reactions along with organic synthesis are summarized. The correlations between the structural features and physicochemical properties of the carbon-nitrogen-based materials and the specific catalytic activity are discussed in depth. By highlighting the opportunities and challenges of supramolecular assembly strategies, we attempt an outlook on possible future developments for highly efficient carbon-based photo/electrocatalysts.