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Axonal Regeneration after Spinal Cord Injury: Molecular Mechanisms, Regulatory Pathways, and Novel Strategies
- Source :
- Biology, Vol 13, Iss 9, p 703 (2024)
- Publication Year :
- 2024
- Publisher :
- MDPI AG, 2024.
-
Abstract
- Axonal regeneration in the spinal cord after traumatic injuries presents a challenge for researchers, primarily due to the nature of adult neurons and the inhibitory environment that obstructs neuronal regrowth. Here, we review current knowledge of the intricate network of molecular and cellular mechanisms that hinder axonal regeneration, with a focus on myelin-associated inhibitors (MAIs) and other inhibitory guidance molecules, as well as the pivotal pathways implicated in both inhibiting and facilitating axonal regrowth, such as PKA/AMP, PI3K/Akt/mTOR, and Trk, alongside the regulatory roles of neurotrophins and axonal guidance cues. We also examine current insights into gene therapy, tissue engineering, and pharmacological interventions that show promise in overcoming barriers to axonal regrowth.
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 20797737
- Volume :
- 13
- Issue :
- 9
- Database :
- Directory of Open Access Journals
- Journal :
- Biology
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- edsdoj.9acf8f639a70493db0e8ba6ab8183104
- Document Type :
- article
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.3390/biology13090703