Nanozymes regulated by nitrogen element: Mechanism, design, and application

Nanozymes, a category of nanomaterials endowed with enzyme-mimicking capabilities, have exhibited considerable potential across diverse application domains. This comprehensive review delves into the intricacies of regulating nanozymes through N elements, elucidating the mechanisms governing N element control in the design and application of these nanomaterials. The initial sections introduce the foundational background and significance of nanozymes. Subsequent exploration delves into the detailed discussion of N element regulation mechanisms on nanozymes, encompassing N vacancies, N doping, N coordination, and nitride. These regulatory pathways play an instrumental role in fine-tuning the catalytic activity and specificity of nanozymes. The review further scrutinizes practical applications of N element regulation on nanozymes, spanning sensing detection, infection therapy, tumor therapy, and pollutant degradation. In conclusion, it succinctly summarizes the current research findings and proposes future directions for development. This thorough investigation into the regulation of nanozymes by N elements anticipates precise control over their performance, thereby advancing the extensive utilization of nanozymes in the realms of biomedical and environmental applications.