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What Is the Evolutionary Fingerprint in Neutrophil Granulocytes?
- Source :
- International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 21, Iss 12, p 4523 (2020)
- Publication Year :
- 2020
- Publisher :
- MDPI AG, 2020.
-
Abstract
- Over the years of evolution, thousands of different animal species have evolved. All these species require an immune system to defend themselves against invading pathogens. Nevertheless, the immune systems of different species are obviously counteracting against the same pathogen with different efficiency. Therefore, the question arises if the process that was leading to the clades of vertebrates in the animal kingdom—namely mammals, birds, amphibians, reptiles, and fish—was also leading to different functions of immune cells. One cell type of the innate immune system that is transmigrating as first line of defense in infected tissue and counteracts against pathogens is the neutrophil granulocyte. During the host–pathogen interaction they can undergo phagocytosis, apoptosis, degranulation, and form neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). In this review, we summarize a wide spectrum of information about neutrophils in humans and animals, with a focus on vertebrates. Special attention is kept on the development, morphology, composition, and functions of these cells, but also on dysfunctions and options for cell culture or storage.
- Subjects :
- neutrophil
species
granulocyte
Biology (General)
QH301-705.5
Chemistry
QD1-999
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 21124523, 14220067, and 16616596
- Volume :
- 21
- Issue :
- 12
- Database :
- Directory of Open Access Journals
- Journal :
- International Journal of Molecular Sciences
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- edsdoj.974f4e8d5441472aaa79a57dad8e7c46
- Document Type :
- article
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21124523