Paper-Based Analytical Device for Quantitative Urinalysis

Paper-based analytical devices are fluidic chips fabricated with extremely inexpensive materials, namely paper, thereby allowing their use as a zero-cost analytical device in third-world countries that lack access to expensive diagnostic infrastructures. The aim of this review is to discuss: (1) microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (µPADs) for quantitative analysis, (2) fabrication of two- or three-dimensional µPADs, (3) analytical methods of µPADs, and (4) our opinions regarding the future applications of µPADs for quantitative urinalysis.