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Toxin-antitoxin systems in bacterial pathogenesis

Authors :
Sonika Sonika
Samer Singh
Saurabh Mishra
Shashikala Verma
Source :
Heliyon, Vol 9, Iss 4, Pp e14220- (2023)
Publication Year :
2023
Publisher :
Elsevier, 2023.

Abstract

Toxin-Antitoxin (TA) systems are abundant in prokaryotes and play an important role in various biological processes such as plasmid maintenance, phage inhibition, stress response, biofilm formation, and dormant persister cell generation. TA loci are abundant in pathogenic intracellular micro-organisms and help in their adaptation to the harsh host environment such as nutrient deprivation, oxidation, immune response, and antimicrobials. Several studies have reported the involvement of TA loci in establishing successful infection, intracellular survival, better colonization, adaptation to host stresses, and chronic infection. Overall, the TA loci play a crucial role in bacterial virulence and pathogenesis. Nonetheless, there are some controversies about the role of TA system in stress response, biofilm and persister formation. In this review, we describe the role of the TA systems in bacterial virulence. We discuss the important features of each type of TA system and the recent discoveries identifying key contributions of TA loci in bacterial pathogenesis.

Details

Language :
English
ISSN :
24058440
Volume :
9
Issue :
4
Database :
Directory of Open Access Journals
Journal :
Heliyon
Publication Type :
Academic Journal
Accession number :
edsdoj.969a6b0d1f5d45729adf0ffe0eea34de
Document Type :
article
Full Text :
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14220