Cryptococcal Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome-Associated Bronchiolitis Obliterans Organizing Pneumonia

Atypical presentations of cryptococcal infection have been described as manifestations of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection following the introduction of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). We describe a patient presenting with cryptococcal bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia (BOOP) as a cryptococcal-IRIS (C-IRIS), eight weeks after cART initiation. To our knowledge, this is the first patient with HIV disease reported to have cryptococcal IRIS-related BOOP.