Targeting a Sirt5-Positive Subpopulation Overcomes Multidrug Resistance in Wild-Type Kras Colorectal Carcinomas

Summary: A major obstacle for successful management of patients with colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is resistance to anti-cancer cytotoxic treatments. Here, we identified a mechanism of multidrug resistance in wild-type Kras CRCs based on the survival of a cell subpopulation characterized by Sirt5 expression. Sirt5+ cells in wild-type Kras CRCs are resistant to either chemotherapeutic agents or cetuximab and serve as a reservoir for recurrence. Sirt5 demalonylates and inactivates succinate dehydrogenase complex subunit A (SDHA), leading to an accumulation of the oncometabolite succinate. Succinate binds to and activates a reactive oxygen species-scavenging enzyme, thioredoxin reductase 2 (TrxR2), to confer chemotherapy resistance. In contrast, Sirt5+ cells exhibit an elevated succinate-to-aKG ratio that inhibits aKG-dependent dioxygenases to maintain cetuximab resistance. Our findings suggest that Sirt5 inhibitors in combination with chemotherapeutic agents and/or cetuximab may represent a therapeutic strategy for CRC patients harboring wild-type Kras. : Du et al. show that a Sirt5+ subpopulation represents a critical driving force behind the development of multidrug resistance in wild-type Kras colorectal carcinomas and that Sirt5-mediated SDHA inactivation has implications for this process. Keywords: Sirt5, colorectal carcinomas, wild-type Kras, drug resistance, SDHA