Ultrasound detection using a thermal-assisted microcavity Raman laser

Abstract Optical microcavities have emerged as promising platforms for ultrasound detection. One of the main tendencies in recent studies is to develop high-Q microresonators for ultrasensitive ultrasound detection, while the nonlinear optical effects become significant but are generally neglected. Here, we propose a thermal-assisted microcavity Raman laser for ultrasound detection. Acoustic waves modulate the resonant frequency of the cavity mode, altering the coupled efficiency of a fixed-wavelength input laser, and therefore the output Raman power. Experimentally, the noise equivalent pressure reaches as low as 8.1 Pa at 120 kHz in air. Besides, it is found that the thermal effect involved in high-Q microcavities can compensate for the low-frequency noises, while without degrading their sensitivity to high-frequency acoustic waves above hundreds of kilohertz. Therefore, it enables long-standing stability during the measurements due to the natural resistance to laser frequency drifts and environmental disturbances, which holds great potential in practical applications of ultrasound sensing and imaging.