HES1 revitalizes the functionality of aged adipose-derived stem cells by inhibiting the transcription of STAT1

Abstract Background The effectiveness of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) in therapy diminishes with age. It has been reported that transcription factors (TFs) play a crucial role in the aging and functionality of stem cells. Nevertheless, there is limited understanding regarding the involvement of TFs in the aging mechanism of ADSCs. Methods RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) was utilized to discern the differentially expressed genes in ADSCs obtained from donors of varying ages. TFs exhibiting significant variations across age groups were identified and subsequently validated. ADSCs were manipulated to exhibit either enhanced expression or reduced levels of HES1 and STAT1 via lentivirus transfection and small interfering RNA (siRNA) techniques. The impact of these genetic alterations on ADSCs’ proliferation, migration, and cellular senescence was assessed using EdU, transwell, and senescence-activated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) staining assays. The DNA sequences bound by HES1 were investigated through the CUT & Tag assay. Lastly, the therapeutic efficacy of aged ADSCs with HES1 overexpression was evaluated in skin injury model of male Sprague-Dawley rats. Results 678 genes showed differential expression between ADSCs obtained from young and old donors (Y-ADSCs and O-ADSCs), with 47 of these genes being TFs. Notably, the expression of the TF hairy and enhancer of split 1 (HES1) was notably reduced in ADSCs from old donors. Introducing HES1 overexpression in aged ADSCs resulted in improved cellular function and the suppression of cellular senescence, while reducing HES1 levels in young ADSCs had the opposite effect. Mechanistically, HES1 was found to interact with the promoter region of another TF, signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1), to inhibit its transcription. Knocking down STAT1 could fully reverse the negative effects caused by decreased HES1 in ADSCs, leading to a reduction in the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-8. Ultimately, restoring HES1 expression in aged ADSCs demonstrated enhanced therapeutic potential in promoting skin wound healing. Conclusion HES1 acts as an inhibitor of cellular senescence in the aging progression of ADSCs through the modulation of STAT1 expression, suggesting a promising avenue for rejuvenating senescent ADSCs and improving wound healing.