A Generic Model for Accurate Energy Estimation of Electric Vehicles

A systematic simulation model is proposed in this research paper to estimate the energy consumption of electric vehicles. The main advantage of this model is that it is made in a generic and simplified way in order to be adaptable to different electric vehicles. The overall electrical power corresponding to the performed maneuver is estimated considering: a tabular form of electric motor efficiency, mechanical power losses, a generalized efficiency map of the power electronics, the auxiliary power losses, and an electro-thermal Lithium-Ion battery pack model. The battery model was developed in a previous work, which simulates the open circuit voltage curves at different temperatures and the alteration in the internal resistance of the battery cells. The proposed model is validated with experimental data from the maneuver tests. The battery model proved high accuracy in estimating the voltage values relevant to the WLTP2 driving cycle on the chassis roller test bench. Furthermore, the mechanical and electrical power were estimated with excellent matching compared to actual test field driving test measurements, giving only the measured vehicle speed and auxiliary power losses. Finally, the state of charge change is predicted accurately along the performed test field dynamic maneuver.