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Autophagy and Female Fertility: Mechanisms, Clinical Implications, and Emerging Therapies

Authors :
Abdel Halim Harrath
Md Ataur Rahman
Sujay Kumar Bhajan
Anup Kumar Bishwas
MD. Hasanur Rahman
Saleh Alwasel
Maroua Jalouli
Sojin Kang
Moon Nyeo Park
Bonglee Kim
Source :
Cells, Vol 13, Iss 16, p 1354 (2024)
Publication Year :
2024
Publisher :
MDPI AG, 2024.

Abstract

Autophagy, an evolutionarily conserved cellular mechanism essential for maintaining internal stability, plays a crucial function in female reproductive ability. In this review, we discuss the complex interplay between autophagy and several facets of female reproductive health, encompassing pregnancy, ovarian functions, gynecologic malignancies, endometriosis, and infertility. Existing research emphasizes the crucial significance of autophagy in embryo implantation, specifically in the endometrium, highlighting its necessity in ensuring proper fetal development. Although some knowledge has been gained, there is still a lack of research on the specific molecular impacts of autophagy on the quality of oocytes, the growth of follicles, and general reproductive health. Autophagy plays a role in the maturation, quality, and development of oocytes. It is also involved in reproductive aging, contributing to reductions in reproductive function that occur with age. This review explores the physiological functions of autophagy in the female reproductive system, its participation in reproductive toxicity, and its important connections with the endometrium and embryo. In addition, this study investigates the possibility of emerging treatment approaches that aim to modify autophagy, using both natural substances and synthetic molecules, to improve female fertility and reproductive outcomes. Additionally, this review intends to inspire future exploration into the intricate role of autophagy in female reproductive health by reviewing recent studies and pinpointing areas where current knowledge is lacking. Subsequent investigations should prioritize the conversion of these discoveries into practical uses in the medical field, which could potentially result in groundbreaking therapies for infertility and other difficulties related to reproduction. Therefore, gaining a comprehensive understanding of the many effects of autophagy on female fertility would not only further the field of reproductive biology but also open new possibilities for diagnostic and treatment methods.

Details

Language :
English
ISSN :
20734409
Volume :
13
Issue :
16
Database :
Directory of Open Access Journals
Journal :
Cells
Publication Type :
Academic Journal
Accession number :
edsdoj.919c50e2d4954d6da40b2b09558f23f3
Document Type :
article
Full Text :
https://doi.org/10.3390/cells13161354